(1) ALAPTÍPUSOK

ZERO CONDITIONAL

If it rains, we don't go out. 

FIRST CONDITIONAL

If I win a lot of money, I will buy a car.

SECOND CONDITIONAL

If I won a lot of money, I would buy a car.

THIRD CONDITIONAL

If I had won a lot of money, I would have bought a car.

Exercise 1: Match the sentences with the right type of Conditionals! 

Exercise 2: CONDITIONAL I - Match the half sentences! 

Exercise 3: CONDITIONAL I - Find the right order of the sentences! 

Exercise 4: CONDITIONAL I - Murphy's Laws! 

Exercise 5: Conditional II - Write sentences based on the original information! 

Exercise 6: Conditional II - Match the sentences about Chuck Norris! 

Exercise 7: Conditional II - Answer the questions!

1. If you could be another person for a day, who would you be?
2. If you could change one thing about your partner, what would it be?
3. If you could change one thing in the world, what would it be?
4. If you could date a celebrity, who would you choose?
5. If you could live anywhere in the world, where would you like to live?
6. If you could speak any other language (besides English), which language would you like to speak?
7. If you could go on a holiday trip anywhere in the world, where would you go?
8. If you could travel back in time, where would you go?
9. If you were given one million dollars, what would you buy?
10. If you woke up suddenly because your house was on fire, which three things would you save?
11. If you had to spend 100 days on a desert island, what five things would you take with you and why?
12. If you could be famous throughout history for one thing, what would it be?

Exercise 8: CONDITIONAL III - Make sentences based on the information! 

Exercise 9: CONDITIONAL III - Find the right order of the sentences! 

Exercise 10: CONDITIONAL III - Answer the questions related to the Indiana Jones movie scene!

(2) IF-ES KÖTŐSZAVAK

- IF = ’IF IT IS TRUE THAT ’ (Ha igaz, hogy …)

If you were in Boston, why didn’t you come and see us?

- IF = ALTHOUGH (habár)

His style, if simple, is pleasant.

- IF = PROVIDED, PROVIDING, SUPPOSED, SUPPOSING, ON CONDITION THAT, AS LONG AS, IMAGINE

I will wash the car if / provided / on condition that / supposing / as long as you help me.

Imagine we could all fly. Wouldn’t that be fun!

provided / providing – feltéve, ha

supposed / supposing – feltételezve, hogy

on condition that – azzal a feltétellel, hogy

as long as – amennyiben, feltéve, mihelyt

- IF SO, IF NOT (Ha igen…, Ha nem,….)

Are you free this evening? If so, let’s go out for a meal.

I might see you tomorrow. If not, then it’ll be Sunday.

- IF ANY / ANYTHING / EVER / NOT

There is little if any evidence for flying saucers.

I’m not angry. If anything, I feel a little surprised.

He seldom if ever travels abroad.

Usually, if not always, we write ’cannot’ as one word.

- WHAT IF (Mi van, ha …?)

What If I lose?

What if it rained all day?

What if it had exploded?

- UNLESS (Hacsak nem; nincs tagadás utána)

I won’t buy a car if I don’t win a lot of money.

I won’t buy a car unless I win a lot of money.

- EVEN IF / EVEN THOUGH (még akkor is, ha)

I wouldn’t marry you even if you had a lot of money.

- AS IF / AS THOUGH (mintha)

If looks as if it’s going to rain.

I remember it as if it was / were yesterday. (Simple Past, ha csak mintha, pedig nem)

- IT’S (HIGH) TIME (to + Inf vagy Past Simple)

It’s time we went home. = It’s time for us to go home.

- WONDER (kíváncsi vagyok…?, vajon; + kérésben)

When I moved here ten years ago, I wondered if I had made a mistake. (Amikor 10 éve ideköltöztem, nem tudtam, hogy nem követtem-e el hibát ezzel.)

I wonder / wondered / I was wondering if you could help me. (Nem tudnál nekem segíteni véletlenül?) = I was hoping you could help me.

Exercise 11: UNLESS and THEREFORE - Answer the questions! 

(3) IF-ES SZERKEZETEK

- IF …THEN (Ha …, akkor …)

If she can’t come to us, then we’ll have to go an see her.

- IF I WERE YOU (Ha a helyedben lennék…)

If I were you, I would buy that house.

- IF … WAS / WERE TO (only with action verbs) (második típus helyett)

If the boss was/ were (BrE: formal, AmE: standard) to come in now, we would be in trouble.

- IF IT (WAS) WERE NOT FOR (one particular event changes everything) (Ha nem lenne…)

If it weren’t (wasn't)  for his wife’s money, he would never be a director. (Without his wife’s money)

If it hadn’t been for your help, I don’t know what I’d have done.

But for your help, I don’t know what I would have done.

- INVERSION STRUCTURES (fordított szórend IF elhagyásával)

Were she my daughter, I would teach her a lesson.

Had I realised what you intended, I wouldn’t have called you to meet me on Sunday.

Exercise 12: Do the "If I were president, I would" quiz!

1. Guns - If I were president, I would…
a. allow everyone to own a gun.
b. allow all adults without a criminal record to own a gun.
c. only allow people who go hunting to own a gun.
d. ban guns completely.

(4) IF ÉS A MÓDBELI SEGÉDIGÉK

- IF…WILL / WOULD (ha hajlandó, szíves lenne…; ha ragaszkodik vmihez, akkor…)

If you will come this way, I’ll take you to the manager’s office. (= you are willing to …)

If you would come this way, I would take you to the manager’s office. (more polite)

If you will get drunk every night, it’s not surprising you feel ill. (= If you insist on getting drunk …)

- COULD (tudna)

If I had another 500 dollars, I could buy a car. (= would be able to)

- MIGHT (esetleg)

If you asked me nicely, I might get you a drink. (= would possibly / would perhaps)

- MAY / MIGHT AS WELL (akár)

You might as well be honest about it.

- SHOULD (HAPPEN TO) (netalántán)

If you should run into Peter, tell him he owes me a letter.

If you happen to run into Peter, tell him he owes me a letter.

If you should happen to run into Peter, tell him he owes me a letter.

Exercise 13: Use IF with MODALS for the following situation:

Lost at Sea

There has been a boating accident. You are the only survivor and are trapped on an island in the South Pacific. You don't know when help will come. Your job is to survive! Choose the eight most important things from this list!

• a flashlight
• a box of salt
• 20m of thick canvas
• 2kg of gummy bears
• a mirror
• a bottle of antiseptic spray
• a knife, fork and spoon set
• a box of matches
• 1l of Vodka
• a shovel
• an ice hockey skate
• a tube of sun cream
• a large Teddy bear
• a book about tropical plants
• a metal bowl
• 25m of rope
• a magnifying glass
• 10 old newspaper
• a large blanket
• a sewing kit

(5) I WISH / IF ONLY - BÁRCSAK 

a., Önmagunkra vonatkozó – múlt idő!:                       

I wish / If only I had a lot of friends.

I wish / If only I had had a lot of friends. 

b., Másra vonatkozó – would (hajlandóság!):                                     

I wish you would stop smoking in the kitchen.

DE: I wish you wouldn't work on Sundays. vs I wish you didn't work on Sundays. 

Exercise 14: Match the pairs!  

Exercise 15:  Watch the movie and answer the questions! 

(6) I WOULD RATHER (Inkább) ( = would prefer to)

a., Önmagunkra von. – „inkább (nem) tennék vmit” + INF

I would / I'd rather not tell you what I said to him about you.

b., Másra vonatkozó – PAST TENSE                                   

I would / I'd rather you stopped smoking in the kitchen.

I would rather / I'd rather you hadn't done that. 

Exercise 16: Answer the questions!

1. Would you rather receive a bad gift OR not receive a gift at all?

2. Would you rather eat a worm OR lose the Internet for a month?

3. Would you rather be burned alive OR be buried alive?

4. Would you rather know when you’re going to die OR how you’re going to die?

5. Would you rather never see the person you love again OR all of your friends again?

6. Would you rather be a beggar OR a thief?

7. Would you rather have a conversation with your future self OR your past self?

8. Would you rather embarrass yourself at a wedding or a funeral?

9. Would you rather die before OR after your spouse?

10. Would you rather have a noisy colleague OR a nosy colleague?

(7) HAD BETTER + INF - "Jobban tennéd"

You had better go home now. (You better go now.)

You had better not go gome now. 

Hadn't we better tell him the truth?

- IN CASE (hátha; arra az esetre, ha)

You had better insure your house in case there’s a fire.

I put it in my pocket in case I was hungry at the baseball match.

Exercise 17: Make sentences with WOULD RATHER and HAD BETTER!

	What s/he would like to do	What s/he should do
1	He wouldn’t like to kill Snow White.	Kill an animal and take its heart.
2	She’d prefer talking to the peddler woman to being alone.	She shouldn’t open the door or buy anything.
3	She’d prefer picking flowers to visiting grandma.	She shouldn’t stray from the road.
4	She wouldn’t like to let the frog into her room.	She should pay him back for the help.
5	She’d prefer marrying to living with her mother.	She shouldn’t let her mother see the prince.
6	They wouldn’t like to be slaughtered by the farmer.	They should run away before it’s too late.
7	She’d like to see all the rooms in her husband’s castle.	She shouldn’t open the last door.

Example:

He’d rather not kill Snow White. - He’d better kill an animal and take its heart to the queen.

She’d rather talk to the peddler woman than be alone all day. – She’d better not open the door.

 Exercise 18: Translation

Exercise 19: Translation for fun

Megkérdezték a sámánt:
Mi a méreg?
- Bármi, amiből a szükségesnél több van, az méreg. Lehet az hatalom, lustaság, étel, egó, ambíció, hiúság, félelem, harag vagy bármi más.
- Mi a félelem?
A bizonytalanság el nem fogadása. Ha elfogadjuk a bizonytalanságot, akkor kalanddá válik.
Mi az irigység?
- Nem fogadjuk el a jót a másikban. Ha elfogadunk jót, akkor inspirációvá válik.
Mi a harag?
- Nem fogadjuk el azt, ami felett nincs hatalmunk. Ha elfogadjuk, akkor toleranciává válik.
Mi a gyűlölet?
- Nem elfogadni az embereket, ahogy vannak. Ha feltétel nélkül elfogadjuk őket, szeretetté válik.

Exercise 20: Conditional song! Listen to the video! 

Exercise 21: Rudyard Kipling: IF 

Rudyard Kipling: Ha... (Magyar) (Kosztolányi Dezső fordítása)
Ha nem veszted fejed, mikor zavar van,
s fejvesztve téged gáncsol vak, süket,
ha kétkednek benned, s bízol magadban,
de érted az ő kétkedésüket,
ha várni tudsz és várni sose fáradsz,
és hazugok közt se hazug a szád,
ha gyűlölnek, s gyűlölségtől nem áradsz,
s mégsem papolsz, mint bölcs-kegyes galád,

ha álmodol – s nem zsarnokod az álmod,
gondolkodol – s becsülöd a valót,
ha a Sikert, Kudarcot bátran állod,
s úgy nézed őket, mint két rongy csalót,
ha elbírod, hogy igazad örökre
maszlag gyanánt használják a gazok,
s életműved, mi ott van összetörve,
silány anyagból építsék azok,

ha mind, amit csak nyertél, egy halomban,
van merszed egy kártyára tenni föl,
s ha vesztesz és elkezded újra, nyomban,
nem is beszélsz a veszteség felől,
ha paskolod izmod, inad a célhoz,
és szíved is, mely nem a hajdani,
mégis kitartasz, bár mi sem acéloz,
csak Akaratod int: „Kitartani”,

ha szólsz a néphez, s tisztesség a vérted,
királyokkal jársz, s józan az eszed,
ha ellenség, de jóbarát se sérthet,
s mindenki számol egy kicsit veled,
ha a komor perc hatvan pillanatja
egy távfutás neked s te futsz vígan,
tiéd a Föld és minden, ami rajta,
és – ami több – ember leszel, fiam.