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TOURISM DESTINATIONS

1       Hungary

1.1         Purpose of visit

1.2         World Heritage Sites in Hungary

1.3         Tourism regions in Hungary

1.4         Wine regions in Hungary

2       The UK

2.1         Geographical and historical background

2.2         The tourism industry and the UK

2.3         Attractions in the UK

2.4         Cities & towns

2.5         National parks

2.6         World heritage Sites

 

Questions and Topics for Discussion

1. Describe the major trends in inbound tourism in the destination countries.

2. List important event attractions in Hungary and the UK and identify the target clientele they attract.

3. Discuss the importance of World Heritage. What are the most important sites in the countries?

4. List and desribe some of the important tourism and wine regions in Hungary.

5. Name cultural and natural attractions, and theme parks in Great Britain.

1      Hungary

1.1       Purpose of visit

The most frequent reason why foreigners come to Hungary is to have just a holiday or a therapeutic holiday, while those from the neighbouring countries mainly arrive to visit relatives and to do shopping. Most of the Western Europeans come to have a holiday. Seeking therapy is a key reason among visitors from Austria, Germany and Croatia, but is a less important motivation for tourists from other countries. The absence of seasonality makes this sub-sector of tourism especially important: those wishing to recover will come throughout the year. Moreover, most such guests usually return to Hungary every year, which makes them the country’s most loyal visitors after visiting relatives and shoppers. Therefore, this type of tourism must constitute one of the key areas of development.

Hungary has one of the largest supplies of thermal and medicinal waters and a 2000-year-long history of spa culture. There are about 1300 thermal springs, 300 are used for bathing. Many of the medicinal springs can be found in Budapest. Medicinal water is mineral water which is proven by medical experiments to have curative effects. Most of the medicinal waters and muds in Hungary are effective in curing locomotor, gynaecological, circulatory or skin complaints and in the form of drinking cures stomach and kidney problems. At the medicinal baths, health spas and sanatoria, which have been built around these waters, doctors decide on tailor-made treatments after a consultation.

Wellness holidays are chosen by those who wish to relax and recuperate, get away from their stressful lives or would like to feel and look a bit younger. Many wellness hotels, which are usually high standard hotels, also use the water of a medicinal or mineral spring, but there are also strict requirements concerning the minimum facilities these hotels must offer, e.g. swimming pool, sauna or steam bath, a number of beauty, therapy and relaxation treatments, e.g. massage, acupuncture, algae or mud packs, yoga, tai chi, etc. The wellness packages are also supposed to include remedial diets, social activities and the use of various fitness and sports facilities. The packages may be customised by wellness experts to the guests’ requirements.

Health packages may also be based on the use of medicinal waters but they are always recommended or prescribed by specialists. Besides the above mentioned therapies, people may use the natural resources of an area for treatment, e.g. special climatic conditions or the clean air in Sopron or the high humidity air of Aggtelek cave for asthma patients. Many people also travel to find treatments which are uncommon in their area or country, or to save on their medical or dental expenses by using free or less expensive services in another country.

Medicinal water is a mineral water which has been medically proven to have healing effects. In order to be certified as medicinal water tests lasting for several years and must be conducted. A daily 350,000 m³ of thermal waters break to the surface from natural springs and drilled wells around the country. In Hungarian law, thermal water is naturally occurring water hotter than 30°C. Mineral water is naturally occurring water with a concentration per litre of more than 1,000 mg of dissolved minerals, or which contains specified amounts of biologically active materials. For Illnesses cured in baths and spas include: locomotor disorders, gynaecological complaints, cardiac and vascular diseases, dermatological diseases, diseases of the respiratory system (inhalation treatment), gastroenterological diseases (drinking cure). The most popular baths in Budapest are as follows: Gellért Medicinal Bath, Rudas Bath, Rác Bath, Lukács Bath, Király Bath and Széchenyi Spa Bath. Among the fast-developing spa resorts throughout the country, especially popular are those in Balf, Bük, Sárvár, Hévíz, Zalakaros, Harkány and Hajdúszoboszló.

It is interesting to note that almost all nationalities coming to Hungary cited visiting relatives as the purpose of their visit. Apart from Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin, many tourists from Israel), Sweden, Canada and the United States come to see their relatives. Although many of them indicated holidaying or business as the primary purpose, but mentioned that they had relatives in Hungary.

The next significant segment is convention tourism. Conventions are not seasonal in nature. It must also be noted that although convention guests spend the largest amount of money per day in Hungary, they rarely stay more than 3-4 days, and are not likely to return for several years.

One of the most attractive events in Hungary is the Formula One race in August, which fills the accommodation facilities by attracting spectators from all over the world.

There are also numerous festivals, among others the Budapest Spring Festival for those interested in more serious entertainment and the Sziget Festival for the lovers of youth culture and music.

Equestrian tourism and rural tourism are fast-growing segments of the Hungarian tourism market. Apart from the traditional horse shows, equestrian holidays may include trail riding, hunting on horseback, carriage riding and equestrian therapies.

Rural tourism is a segment of the total tourist industry which is particularly important in Hungary.

• rural tourism development can play an important role in the diversification of the Hungarian tourist supply and in the creation of a more complex and colourful country image.
• rural tourism can also stimulate economic growth, especially in underdeveloped regions, and it can improve the living standards of local people.

Rural tourism has to be developed in a way that ensures the long-term sustainability of the resources and that of the development progress itself. Rural tourism is an old and a new phenomenon at the same time. Interest in countryside recreation was already starting to grow in the 19th century as a reaction to the stress of increasing urbanisation and industrialisation. The new railway companies transported more and more tourists to the countryside. However, the rural tourism of our era is different: the number of tourists involved has increased significantly and tourism has developed in all types of countryside instead of being limited to areas of exceptional scenic beauty.

The term “rural tourism” has different meanings in different countries. In Hungary, a special term of “village tourism” exists, indicating that only activities and services provided in villages are included in this kind of tourism. Village tourism typically covers low-priced accommodation and involvement in agricultural or other local activities is common.

1.2       World Heritage Sites in Hungary

World Heritage Sites are officially considered to be important for the world’s cultural or natural heritage. These sites are selected by the World Heritage Convention, which was adopted by UNESCO in 1972 and came into force in 1975. The Convention states that a World Heritage Committee “will establish, keep up-to-date, and publish” a World Heritage List of cultural and natural properties, submitted by member states and considered to be of universal value. The Convention attempts to promote cooperation among nations to protect the worldwide heritage that is recognized as being of such universal value that its conservation is a concern for all people. When a site is nominated, experts conduct a careful investigation into its merits. The World Heritage Fund helps give technical cooperation, and emergency assistance in the case of properties severely damaged by specific disasters or threatened with imminent destruction. The World Heritage Committee has added the following properties in Hungary on the World Heritage List.

Hollókő (1987), a small village in northern Hungary which was mainly developed in the 17th and 18th centuries. The village is a living example of rural life before the agricultural revolution of the 20th century, and is a deliberately preserved traditional settlement. The 67 protected buildings are peasant houses, they consist of 3 rooms, the kitchen, the larder and the so-called clean room. The residents of this village of 400 are the Palóc people. At important festivals they still wear their traditional folk costumes, the most beautiful is the dress for special occasions worn by young girls and brides; under the red or blue silk skirt they wear 6, 8 or even 10 white, starched petticoats. The most spectacular festival at Hollókő is Easter, when the locals display not only the clothes, but also the Easter customs and folk crafts.

Budapest, the panorama of the two banks viewed from Margaret Island to Gellért Hill and the Buda Castle District (1987). The World Heritage Site consists of the area on the Buda side between the University of Technology buildings and the Chain Bridge, including the Gellért spa baths, the Liberation Monument, the Citadel on Gellért Hill and the buildings of Buda Castle. On the Pest side the area includes the Parliament building, the Hungarian Academy of Science, the Gresham palace and the four bridges over the Danube. The majority of the buildings in the Castle are historical monuments, the most important of them are Matthias Church, the Budapest History Museum, the Hungarian National Gallery, the Ludwig Museum and the Széchenyi National Library.

The caves of Aggtelek karst (1995) and the Slovak karst were jointly assigned to the list. The area is on the Hungarian-Slovak border, the length of the cave system is 25 km, Central Europe’s largest one. The karst formations and the on-going geological processes provide an insight into the geologic history of several million years. The waters of the streams got into the system of cracks and slowly widened the crevices and formed the present passages. A vast range of formations can be seen, with stalagmites given fascinating names such as The Tiger, The Pulpit, The Dragon’s Head, Mother in Law’s Tongue, the Hall of Columns and the Hall of Giants. The unique climate of the cave is excellent for curing respiratory diseases and classical concerts are also held in one of the large caves.

The Millenary Benedictine Abbey in Pannonhalma (1996) was founded in 996 by Benedictine monks who settled there to convert the Hungarians, and was, with its natural environment, added to the list in 1996. The history and the different functions of the place can be seen in the architectural styles of the monastic buildings, the oldest one built in 1224, still house a school for 320 boys and a community of 40 monks.The first school of the country was established there and the first document in Hungarian, the foundation letter of the Tihany Abbey was also written there in 1055, it is now guarded in the archives of the monastery. The abbey church, which has the status of basilica, has Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance parts, which were brought into harmony with each other during the restoration of the 19th century. The library with its 350 thousand volumes is one of Europe’s richest monastery libraries. The most valuable pieces of the collection are the codices.

The Hortobágy National Park (1999) was the very first internationally registered wildlife reserve in Hungary, created to preserve the unique landscape shaped by a pastoral human society, the fauna and flora. The majority of the park is shortgrassed pasture with wild sage plants. The residents earn their living from breeding livestock, some of which are only typical in the region, e.g. the Hungarian Grey Cattle, the Noniusz horse, the Racka sheep and the shepherd dogs, pulis and pumis. The area is also a paradise for bird watchers. Inns were built along the roads crossing the plains, they still offer excellent herdsmen’s dishes and other specialities from the cuisine of the Great Plain. A famous landmark is the Kilenclyukú híd, “the bridge with nine holes”, a stone bridge over the Hortobágy river.

The Old Christian Cemetery in Pécs (2000) is a complex of richly decorated burial chambers and memorial chapels, which were constructed by the Christian communities of the late Roman provincial town of Sopianae in the 4th century. The decorated tombs are remarkable both structurally and architecturally, and the murals (wall paintings) depicting Christian themes have an outstanding artistic value as well.

Lake Fertő/Neusiedler See (2001) is situated between Austria and Hungary. It was nominated jointly by the two countries for inclusion on the World Heritage List, and it is regardeas one of the internationally significant natural water areas of Europe. It is the most western example of the Eurasian steppe lakes, and at the same time it is Europe’s largest saltwater lake. The depth of the water constantly changes, but on average it is always below one metre. It has dried up several times, the last time being between 1865-1871. The thick reed and the marshy areas make it a paradise for rare species of birds.

Tokaj Historical Wine Region (2002). The name of Tokaj is identified with wine all over the world. This is due to the exceptional microclimate, the conditions of the soil created as a result of volcanic and post-volcanic activities, the favourably situated slopes and the autumn mist caused by the rivers Bodrog and Tisza. The oak trees from which the barrels are made also grow there, and the fermentation of the wine is facilitated by the special mould which settles on the cellar walls. Tokaj wine was considered to have medicinal properties up to most recently. The French King Louis 14th called it “the king of wines and the wine of kings”. The area has been protected since 1737.

Andrássy Road (2002) was built for the Millenium, based on uniform architectural concepts. Three and four-storey residential buildings were built along the section of the road starting from the present City Centre. The middle section is wider; the road is divided into three parts which are separated by two tree-lined promenades. Two lanes were paved by wooden blocks. Villas with front gardens make up the third section. The Opera, the former Ballet Institute, the old Academy of Music and the corner buildings in Kodály Circus are the most remarkable buildings along the road. The statues in the semi-circular colonnade on Heroes’ Square depict the most prominent kings and rulers of Hungarian history. The Museum of Fine Arts and the Exhibition Hall face each other on the two sides of the Square. The first underground line on the continent runs under Andrássy Road.

Attractions to be nominated:

Visegrád Castle and hunting grounds, Rózsadomb thermal karsts, Ipolytarnóc prehistoric remain, Tihany peninsula and the Inner lake, Mezőhegyes stables, the wooden churches of the northern Carpathian basin, the medieval castle of Esztergom and the Monostori fortresss in Komárom.

1.3       Tourism regions in Hungary

1. Budapest 5. Lake Balaton

2. Around Budapest 6. Southern Transdanubia

3. Northern Transdanubia 7. Northern Hungary

4. Great Plain

1. Budapest

Tree-lined boulevards and wide squares bordered by modern buildings make Budapest one of the most beautiful capitals of Europe. The city consists of Buda on the west bank of the Danube and Pest on the east bank. The Danube panorama has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage site. Built on a terraced plateau, Buda contains relics of the former Turkish occupation. The former royal palace is situated on the top of Casle Hill. First built in the 13th century, and then reconstructed in Baroque style 500 years later, the Palace was the royal residence for 700 years. Today it houses the most visited museums and galleries of Budapest: The Hungarian National Gallery, the Budapest History Museum and the National Széchényi Library.

Other important sights in the Castle District: the medieval Mária-Magdolna Tower, the more than 700 year old Matthias Church, which was the coronation and royal wedding church, the Fishermen’s Bastion and the Castle Cave.

Gellért Hill is situated in the centre of town and is rich in medicinal waters. This nature conservation area has three baths set around it: Gellért, the most elegant thermal bath in the country, and two Turkish baths, the Rudas and the Rác baths.

Aquincum, the 2000-year-old Roman ancestor of Budapest with remains of the civil town and millitary garrison is still present in the northern part of the town, in Óbuda.

Margaret Island is the largest and most valuable park in Budapest.

Pest stands on a plain and is the site of the Houses of Parliament (opened in 1896), the Academy of Sciences, the Opera House, St Stephen’s Cathedral and the National Museum. A whole scale of architectural styles is evident in the Inner City Parish church. The Dohány Street synagogue is the biggest synagogue in Europe. Exhibitions and concerts are regularly arranged in the Redoute. Several superb Hungarian Art Nouveau buildings are dotted around the Inner City: the Museum of Applied Arts, the Postal Savings Bank and the buildings in Szervita square. The City Park is the most important park on the Pest side, where the most famous buildings were erected by the time of the 1000th anniversary celebrations in 1896 marking the foundation of the state. The Millenary Monument on Heroes’ Square is decorated with sculptures of the most distinguished figures in Hungarian history. Heroes Square and Andráss Street have also been chosen by UNESCO to become a World Heritage Site. The Museum of Fine Arts houses the country’s leading art collection. The Vajdahunyad castle is a remarkable ensemble of copies of the most beautiful Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque buildings. The most striking element is the copy of the castle tower of Vajdahunyad (today in Romania). Other sights and places of entertainment in the City Park include: the boating lake, Széchenyi baths, the zoo and the grand circus. The manufacturing districts and quays are located in Pest’s newer parts. Buda and Pest are linked by bridges over the Danube, including one of the largest suspension bridges in Europe.

2. Around Budapest

The Danube Bend is the resort area north of Budapest as the river Danube turns south. Szentendre, a small town situated on the bank of the Danube with winding streets, church towers, and colourful houses is the most visited tourist centre of the region. Places of interest include the many churches established by the Serbian community in the 17th century. Numerous museums and exhibitions as well as the largest open-air ethnographical museum attract numbers of visitors throughout the year.

Visegrád with the royal palace completed in 1330 was declared the capital in the 14th century. The great Renaissance ruler’s King Matthias Palace was considered one of the most splendid royal residences of the 15th century.

Esztergom is the town where King St Stephen was born and in the 11th century it was the first royal seat and ecclesiastical centre in the country. Today the Primate of the Hungarian Catholic Church, the Archbishop of Esztergom, has his seat there.

In Gödöllő Emperor Franz Joseph and his wife Queen Elizabeth frequently stayed in the Grassalkovich Mansion built in Hungarian Baroque style in the 18th century. True to the spirit of Count Grassalkovich, who was a patron of arts, the reconstructed castle and its courtyard host various cultural events and concerts round the year.

3. Northern Transdanubia

Located in the northern part of the former Roman province of Pannonia, the widely-known tourist region of Northern Transdanubia covers the area north of Lake Balaton, and from the western border of the country to the Danube.

Lake Velence is 45 km from the capital at the foot of the Velence Hills. It makes an ideal holiday spot from early spring to late autumn.

Székesfehérvár, the ancient Hungarian town earlier called Alba Regia, was founded in 972. The main church of the country was there where for five centuries 37 kings and 39 queens were crowned. Fifteen rulers are buried in the city, at one time the Holy Crown and the state archives were kept there, and national assemblies also gathered there.

The Pannonhalma Abbey has stood on its ground on St Márton Hill for 1000 years. UNESCO placed it on the list of World Heritage Sites as being of universal value. The Basilica has Gothic vaults, the Monastery has the only remaining intact medieval cloisters, the red marble “Porta Speciosa” is a marvellous example of Renaissance carving, while the 360,000 volume Benedictine Library, archives and scientific and artistic collections are of inestimable value.

Sopron, the Roman Scrabantia was an important station on the Ivy Road cutting through Europe in a north-south direction. Sopron one of the richest towns in historical monuments, was presented with the Europa Nostra prize in 1975.

Fertő Lake (Neusiedler Lake) is a World Heritage Site, jointly with Austria.

4. The Great Plain

The sand-hills of Bugac in the middle of the Great Plain stretching from the Danube to the eastern border of the country together with the alkaline soils of Hortobágy to the north-east give the flat region of the “Hungarian Puszta”. Typical farm life in Bugac has survived, as have the ancient domesticated animals in Hortobágy and bird species which are unique to this region. The skilful and intelligent sheep dog breeds such as komondor, kuvasz, puli and pumi are much sought-after even abroad.The area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. During the horse shows the tourist has the opportunity to learn about the traditions of the earlier pastoral way of life, animal husbandry in the Puszta, and taste delicious Hungarian cuisine. The vast thermal water resources under the soils of the Great Plain, which produce good wines, feed into medicinal baths. A unique natural phenomenon is the rarely seen mirage, when an inverted image of small village is seen floating in extremely hot weather. Important towns in the region are Debrecen, Hajdúszoboszló, Kecskemét and Szeged.

5. Lake Balaton

Lake Balaton, the Hungarian sea is 77 km long and with a surface area of 600 sq m it is the largest lake in Central Europe. The shallow water of the southern shore is ideal for children, while the northern shore suddenly deepens and also has long beaches. In summer the water temperature is between 20-26°C. Balatonfüred, Tihany, Badacsony and Siófok are popular resorts.

Keszthely is the largest and oldest settlement on Lake Balaton. The third largest mansion in the country is the fully restored neo-rococo style complex, Festetics Castle – now called Helikon Castle Museum – with its fine wrought-iron gate and Baroque tower. One of the greatest assets of the castle is the library, which has almost 100,000 volumes and is the only surviving private library of a Hungarian aristocratic family.

Hévíz -The second largest warm water lake with renowned curative powers is located 6 km from the northern shore of Lake Balaton. Daily 60 million litres of radioactive, sulphurous water at a temperature of 37°C comes to the surface making open-air bathing a pleasant experience even in winter. The curative mud at the bottom of the lake is special: it is excellent for the treatment of locomotor disorders, rheumatism, inflammations and arthritic diseases.

6. Southern Transdanubia

The tourism region known as Southern Transdanubia is the area bordered by the Danube and the southern border river of the Dráva south of Lake Balaton. It comprises a varied landscape of vast untouched forests, wide plains and valleys tucked away behind gentle slopes. The region has a pleasant climate and clean air, and is rich in natural attractions as well as historical monuments. The 50,000 hectare game reserve of Gemenc forest is a protected landscape reserve.

Zalakaros and Harkány - internationally famed towns with medicinal water for different disorders.

Pécs- the Roman burial vaults are part of the UNESCO World Heritage, fine Zsolnay ceramics, grandiose Csontváry paintings, decorative Vasarely patterns, almond trees blossoming in early spring –this is all Pécs, the 2000 year old city with Mediterranean climate and lifestyle lying at the southern foot of the Mecsek hills. The basilica on Dóm Square is one of the most valuable medieval structures in Hungary: the crypt with five naves is from the 11th century with statues and frescos by noted Hungarian masters. Pécs has the most significant Turkish buildings surviving from the 150 years of Ottoman domination: mosques, a minaret, a bath and a tomb preserve the memories of the Turkish

Siklós, Szigetvár and Pécsvárad are famous for their castles. Villány and Szekszárd are well-known wine growing regions.

7. Northern Hungary

The highest mountain range in Hungary cuts diagonally through the north of the country from the Danube to the Tisza. The 700-900 metre ranges of the Cserhát, Mátra, Bükk and Zemplén mountains hide unique natural, cultural and historical treasures. Folk art is similarly unique: Palóc embroideries and Matyó folk costumes bear no resemblance to anything elsewhere in the country. An abundance of castles, historical towns, medicinal spas and quiet resorts await visitors who can take part in discovery tours, botanical and geological walks, bird and animal watching, hunting and fishing either on horseback, by forest railway or on foot.

Aggtelek-the Baradla cave -UNESCO considers the stalactites and stalagmites of worthy of protection as World Heritage Sites.

The Ipolytarnóc fossil remains and the biosphere reserve of the Bükk are also attractive natural features of the region.

Hollókő- the first village to be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site consists of 65 buildings and a remarkable church in the centre. The kindergarten, the post office, the weaver’s cottage, the baths and restaurants are all reminiscent of the last century. The village museum gives an idea of the traditional way of life with three generations living together.

Mezőkövesd is the capital of “Matyóland”. The “Matyó” ethnic group is famous for two reasons: their Catholic belief retained in the face of Calvinism and their unique colourful costumes. The water of Zsóri baths is recommended for rheumatic problems, arthritis and gynaecological disorders.

Parád is one of theoldest health resorts in the country. Its famous bottled water is recommended for respiratory and gastric problems.

Eger is one of the most attractive Baroque towns in the country. The neo-classical Basilica in Eger is the second largest church with the largest organ in the country. The late baroque Lyceum was built at the end of the 18th century as a university, today it functions as a teacher training college. The Diocesan Library is situated in the Lyceum. The Spekula Observatory is in the tower where a camera obscura projects a picture of the town onto a white tabletop set up in a dark room. The castle, today the István Dobó Museum, on the hill above the town was the last stronghold to withstand the Turkish invasion of 1552, when captain István Dobó withstood the siege of Ali pasha and his army that outnumbered the defenders twenty to one. Eger is also famous for its fiery red wine: Bull’s Blood.

Szilvásvárad and its surroundings offer the open air Forestry Museum, the Lippizaner Horse breeding exhibition and the Pallavicini Mansion.

Tokaj is the centre of the Tokaj-Hegyalja historical wine region which provides the world-famous “Tokaj Aszú”.

1.4       Wine regions in Hungary

Hungary has exceptionally favourable natural features for wine-making, the origins of which go back to as early as the Roman times. It was the Romans who brought the first vine-shoots to Pannonia and established the first wine regions. Prince Árpád awarded his subjects with vineyards in the Tokaj-Hegyalja region. As good quality wine was valuable new areas were planted in the 14th century. To protect their own wines, several towns like Sopron, Kőszeg and Buda banned the import of wine. Before the Turks many varieties of Italian and French grapes were grown, though many of them were replaced by red types during the Turkish occupation. Many wine-making methods were adopted from the Serbs, too. In the 16th century Tokaj wine came into fashion and became a favourite in many royal households. The secret recipe was heavily guarded. Badacsony wines became popular in the 18th century and new plantations were established in the Great Plain to stop the diffusion of sand. From 1882 the phylloxera destroyed almost half of the plantations and new imported varieties were used to rejuvenate wine-making. After the Second World War wine production saw rapid development and since the 1990s quality wine-making has gained even more ground.

Csongrád wine region

In this wine region the tradition of grape and wine production began several centuries ago. Even before the Turkish occupation, local wine was well-known and exported. Climate: warm, sunny and relatively dry. Wines: Pleasant, fresh table wine is made from the traditional varieties of the region (e.g. Kövidinka). The quality white grapes (Chardonnay, Rajnai, Riesling, Olasz Riesling) and the red grapes (Kadarka, Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon, Kékfrankos) are suitable for making quality wines.

Hajós-Baja wine region

This area once belonged to the Alföld wine region, but it became independent in 1990. The tradition of wine production is hundreds of years old.. Climate and soil: warm, sunny summers, the soil is sandy or black. Wines: traditional varieties, e.g. the Kadarka, the white Kövidinka, Ezerjó, there are the so-called world varieties (Chardonnay, Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and Merlot), the varieties that produce aromatic wine (Tramini, Ottonel Muscat, Cserszegi Aromatic).

Kunság wine region

The Kunság wine region is the largest in the country. The history of wine-making in this area can be traced back to the early middle ages. Wines: mainly light and soft white wine. Some of them are traditional varieties (Ezerjó, Kövidinka, Izsáki, etc.), others are frost-resistant and quality varieties. Excellent quality sparkling wine is made from some of the types, such as Izsáki and Kunleány. The red wine grape varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon and Franc, Kékfrankos, Zweigelt, etc.) produce an aromatic wine.

Ászár-Neszmély wine region

The first vine stocks were probably introduced to this wine region by the Roman legions. In the middle ages the kings Zsigmond, Ulászló and László V visited the area and found a blooming wine culture around Neszmély and Dunaalmás. Wines: The Ezerjó and the Mézesfehér were among the traditional varieties of grape there. Now the world varieties (Chardonnay, Sauvignon, and Szürkebarát) and some typical Hungarian varieties (Olasz Riesling, Leányka, Tramini, the spicy Cserszegi, the Királyleányka and the Rizlingszilváni) are planted.

Badacsony wine region

There was a thriving grape culture in this region even thousands of years ago. Climate is balanced, free from the extremities of weather, because the large water surface of Lake Balaton has a very advantageous, moderating effect on the climate. Soil: fertile, formed on eroded basalt, exceptionally good. Wines: exclusively white wine varieties, some traditional ones (Kéknyelű, Olasz Riesling, Szürkebarát), world varieties (Chardonnay, Sauvignon, Rajnai Riesling, Pinot Blanc) and newly cultured types. The suitable red grape varieties are Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir and Kékfrankos.

Balatonfüred-Csopak wine region

This wine region is located along the north-eastern part of Lake Balaton. The Celts began growing grapes in this area, followed by the Romans and the Avars. Wines: nowadays mostly white wine varieties are planted, such as Olasz Riesling, Chardonnay, Ottonel Muscat, Rajnai Riesling, Rizlingszilváni, Szürkebarát, Juhfark, Pinot Blanc, Sauvignon, Tramini and Zenit.

Balatonfelvidék wine region

This wine region is located in the basins of the Keszthely hills and at the foot of the southern Bakony hill, including the Kali basin. Climate: the areas of the region that overlook Lake Balaton have balanced climatic conditions with microclimatic conditions on the protected slopes and in the valleys. The soil materials are extremely varied. Wines: Now various white wine grapes are produced in the region, such as Olasz Riesling, Chardonnay, Tramini, Rizlingszilváni, Szürkebarát, Furmint and Sárga Muscat, the spicy Cserszegi and Ottonel Muscat, while Zweigelt is among the red varieties.

Etyek-Buda wine region

Etyek, from which the region gets its name was first mentioned in the 14th century, but the first records on grape and wine production are from the 18th century. At present the wine region is divided into two parts, the Etyek district and the Buda district. Climate mild winters and relatively cool summers. Wines: wide range of white wine grape types: Chardonnay, Királyleányka, Olasz Riesling, Rizlingszilváni, Ottonel Muscat, Sauvignon, Szürkebarát, Sárga Muscat, Cserszegi Fűszeres, Zala Gyöngye and Juhfark, red wine types include Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon, Kékfrankos, Merlot, Kékoportó, Pinot Noir and Zweigelt. A significant amount of the production goes on sparkling wine.

Mór wine region

The Mór wine region is relatively small. Climate: on the southern and south-western slopes of the hills the microclimatic conditions are advantageous, resulting in excellent conditions for grape production. Wines: The varieties still planted in this wine region are Ezerjó, Chardonnay, Sauvignon, Pinot Blanc, Szürkebarát, Rajnai Riesling, the two Hungarian varieties, Leányka and Királyleányka, and the varieties giving aromatic wine, Ottonel Muscat, Tramini and Rizlingszilváni.

Pannonhalma-Sokoróalja wine region

The Pannonhalma-Sokoróalja wine district is located on the slopes of the Pannonhalma hills. French and Italian settlers as well as the monks played a large part in spreading the wine production. Wines: at present only white wine grapes are produced. The main type is Olasz Riesling. A large variety of grapes can be cultivated there: Chardonnay, Királyleányka, Rajnai Riesling, Szürkebarát, Tramini, Cserszegi Aromatic, Pinot Blanc and Sauvignon Blanc. The wines produced are fragrant, aromatic and full-bodied.

Somló wine region

The vine gardens of Somló castle are first mentioned in a document from 1093 (under the rule of László I). The wine district had its real days of glory in the 18th century. Somló wine was known and respected as “the wine of wedding nights” because people thought that its consumption resulted in male heirs. Climate: balanced and free from extremes and on the different sides of the mountain different microclimates have formed. Wines: at present Furmint, Juhfark, Olasz Riesling, Hárslevelű, Tramini, Chardonnay, Rajnai Riesling and Pinot are grown.

Sopron wine region

The wine of Sopron became famous in Europe in the 12th15th centuries. Until the end of the 19th century they grew mostly white varieties, but since then red wine varieties have dominated. This wine region has two districts: the Sopron and the Kőszeg district. It lies at the foothills of the Alps. Climate: moderate, the taller hills surrounding the area and the large water surface of Lake Fertő create a favourable microclimate. The soil is very varied. Wines: the Kékfrankos of Sopron is rich in colour and has a deep red appearance.

Balatonboglár wine region

As in the other regions of Pannónia, it was the Celts and Romans who produced grapes and made wine there. Climate: well-balanced. Wines: the variety of wines is very wide. The white wines have a rich bouquet and strong palate and are dry with great character. Although less red is produced, it competes well in quality with the white. The region is more suitable for the production of Burgundy type reds that have a fruity palate and aroma. Wines from Balatonboglár Kékfrankos, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot are particularly good quality.

Mecsekalja wine region

The Mecsekaljai wine region is proud of its roots that go back to Roman times. Nowadays it is famous for excellent quality whites made from the Cirfandli, Furmint and Olasz Riesling varieties. The region is divided into three sub-districts, yet remains one of the smallest wine regions in Hungary. Climate: has a sub-mediterranean character. Apart from the Tokaj-hegyalja wine region this is the area where grape cultivation reaches the highest elevations above sea level, rising to nearly 400 metres on the southern side of the Mecsek Hills. Wines: full-bodied, soft, aromatic, develop quickly and are of good quality. The best varieties are Olasz Riesling, Chardonnay, Királyleányka, Sauvignon Blanc, Rajnai Riesling, Tramini and Hárslevelű.

Szekszárd wine region

The roots of grape and wine culture in Szekszárd can be traced back to Celtic times. Climate: sub-mediterranean. The microclimates that have formed in the valleys are particularly suitable, especially for red wine grape varieties. Wines: The region is characterised by soft harmonious white wines and deep-coloured, full-bodied, velvety red wines of a spicy palate and excellent quality. The Szekszárd region is the only place, apart from Eger, where the name Bikavér (Bull’s Blood) may be used. Szekszárd Bikavér is traditionally made by blending the Kadarka, Kékfrankos and Kékoportó varieties.

Villány wine region

It is one of the most characteristic wine districts of Hungary. The region is divided into two districts. From archaeological records it appears that the wine loving Romans also produced grapes in this region. Climate: sub-mediterranean. Wines Kadarka lost its predominance, its place was taken over by Kékfrankos, the wine from which became known as Villányi Burgundy. In the last two decades the region has become increasingly respected, thanks to the quality of wines made such as the Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon varieties.

Bükkalja wine region

Grapes have been produced there for a long time and the wine from Miskolc has been marketed in the northern mining towns for centuries. The sparkling wine factories in Budafok have also bought wines from Bükkalja. The main grape varieties are Olasz Riesling, Leányka, Rieslingszilváni, Zöldveltelini and Chardonnay. The wines: fragrant, with a strong palate and a lively acidity. Recently they have started to introduce red wine varieties, such as Kékfrankos, Kékoportó, Merlot and Cabernet.

Eger wine region

The beginning of the grape and wine culture in Eger dates back to the period after the Conquest of Hungary. Until the 15th century only white wine varieties were produced in and around Eger. By the beginning of the 16th century the customary varieties had changed, and red wine production became significant. Kadarka was brought to Eger by the Serbs, whereas other red wine varieties were introduced by priests and monks from Italy and Burgundy. Climate: cooler and drier than that of the other wine regions of the country. Wines: The legend of the most famous wine of this region, the Bikavér (Bull’s Blood), also goes back to the middle ages, it is made by blending at least three different grape varieties. The choice of white wines is also wide, the most famous are Egri Leányka, and, in the Debrő district, Debrői Hárslevelű.

Mátraalja wine region

The history of the Mátraalja wine region goes back to the times before the Conquest of Hungary. The vine was cultivated by the people living in this area. The wines The predominant grape varieties are Olasz Riesling, Rieslingszilváni, Oltonel Muscat, Leányka, Tramini, Hárslevelű, Chardonnay, Sauvignon and, of the red wine grapes, Kékfrankos and Cabernet.

Tokaj-hegyalja wine region

This is the most famous grape and wine producing region in Hungary, it is well known worldwide. Even though the viniculture in this area is a thousand years old, it only became world famous in the 17th century, when the Tokaj Aszú, a remarkable rare phenomenon resulting from typically late harvesting and special manufacturing processes, achieved recognition as “the king of wines, the wine of kings” in the court of Louis XIVth, but was also well-liked by the court of the Tsar and Polish nobility. Climate: sub-continental. The soils of this area are very varied. The most important grape varieties of the region are Furmint and Hárslevelű. Apart from these Sárga Muscat and Zéta (formerly Oremus), are also recommended, other varieties cannot be grown there.

Wines: there are three main categories of wine:

Generic wines. These are 50-60 per cent of the total production, processed using the traditional white wine making technology (Furmint, Hárslevelű, Sárga Muscat). These varieties are especially suitable to be made into the wines produced from late harvesting.

Szamorodni. The name Szamorodni – meaning “as it was born” – is of Polish origin, given to it by Polish merchants. Szamorodni is a wine in which both the noble rot (Aszú) grape and the clean bunches are processed together. Szamorodni can be sweet or dry, depending on the quantity of unfermented sugar. It is a popular aperitif in Hungary.

Aszú. Aszú is made by individually picking the noble rot (Aszú) grapes from the bunch. These are collected separately and mixed with must or young wine, pressed and fermented. Harvests occur quite late in the season, as the grapes which are planted are all late ripeners. Often picking is prolonged until mid-November. In fact, in keeping with practice in other great dessert wine regions, there are multiple harvests. One is done by hand in sections of the vineyard targeted wine production, with shriveled botrytized grapes collected separately and stored in tubs. These are vineyards where over half of the grapes are fully botrytis-affected. A grey fungus, Botrytis cinerea or Botrytis affects wine grapes. The fungus gives rise to two different kinds of infections. The first, grey rot is the result of consistently wet or humid conditions, and typically results in the loss of the affected bunches. The second, noble rot, occurs when drier conditions follow wetter, and can result in distinctive sweet dessert wines. Another takes place in areas where there is a lesser degree of infection with the mould; these vines are harvested with botrytis-affected and unaffected grapes mixed together. A third harvest only contains healthy grapes. Each of the three harvests corresponds to the production of a different style of wine. The great dessert wines which have established the fame of the region, Tokaj Aszú, are made with a combination of wines from the fully botrytis-affected and partly affected harvests. In some years no Aszú wines can be made, as the climatic conditions are not ideal for the development of botrytis. In Hegyalja the wine cellars are often hundreds of years old – sometimes with more than one level – and hidden in the rocks. The temperature of the cellars hardly changes, staying at around 11 °C. The high humidity and the chemicals from the wines fermenting in the barrels feed the fungus colonies on the walls of the cellars; these often make a continuous layer. The fungus also guarantees a good climate in the cellars.

Tolna wine region

The ecological conditions make the region suitable for producing excellent quality white and red wines. Wines: the most important white is Chardonnay; the major red variety is Kékfrankos. Other important varieties are Olasz Riesling, Rieslingszilváni, Királyleányka, Rajnai Riesling, Merlot and Zweigelt and, world varieties such as Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc.

2      The UK

2.1       Geographical and historical background

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain (a term sometimes loosely applied to the whole state), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another state: the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea in the east, the English Channel in the south and the Irish Sea in the west.

The UK's form of government is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system and its capital city is London. The current British monarch—since 6 February 1952—is Queen Elizabeth II. The United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The latter three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capital cities, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man are Crown dependencies and are not part of the UK. The United Kingdom has fourteen British Overseas Territories.

Great Britain is the largest island of the United Kingdom. Politically, Great Britain refers to England, Scotland and Wales; it includes islands such as the Isle of Wight, Anglesey, the Isles of Scilly, the Hebrides and the island groups of Orkney and Shetland. It does not include the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands, which are self-governing dependent territories.

The political union that joined the kingdoms of England and Scotland happened in 1707 when the Acts of Union ratified the 1706 Treaty of Union and merged the parliaments of the two nations, forming the Kingdom of Great Britain, which covered the entire island. Prior to this, a personal union had existed between these two countries since the 1603 Union of the Crowns under James VI of Scotland and I of England.

Great Britain, in a geographical sense, lies on the European continental shelf. Situated off the north-west coast of continental Europe, it is separated from the mainland by the North Sea and by the English Channel, which narrows to 34 kilometres (21 mi) at the Straits of Dover. The North Channel, Irish Sea, St George's Channel and Celtic Sea separate the island from the island of Ireland to its west. The island is physically connected with continental Europe via the Channel Tunnel, the longest undersea rail tunnel in the world, completed in 1993. The island is marked by low, rolling countryside in the east and south, while hills and mountains predominate in the western and northern regions. It is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets.

Facts:

Capital and largest city: London

Official languages: English

Recognised regional languages: Scots, Ulster-Scots, Welsh, Cornish, Irish, Scottish Gaelic

Demonym: British, Briton

Area: Total 243,610 km2

Population: 2011 census 63,181,775

Currency: Pound sterling (GBP)

2.2       The tourism industry and the UK

Tourism is an industry at which Britain competes well internationally – they rate 8th in the world for visitor numbers and visitor spend. It is also forecast to be one of Britain’s best performing sectors over the next decade, with the value added contribution to the economy growing at 3.5% per annum. This would mean tourism showing faster growth than more recognized industries such as manufacturing, utilities, retailing, transport and communications. Few industries are as important to Britain as tourism. The UK’s 5^th largest, it supports 3 million jobs, and contributes Ł127 billion to the country’s GDP each year. A significant portion of that comes from overseas visitors and is a valuable source of foreign exchange.

Tourists themselves are varied:

• Domestic and overseas visitors
• Leisure, education and business travellers
• People on longer term visits
• Short term visitors and day trippers

Britain is generally acknowledged to be a world leader when it comes to conference and incentive support services. It is superbly connected for overseas visitors:

• Largest international airline hub
• Comprehensive network of regional airports
• Extensive road and rail network
• Less than 2 hours away from mainland Europe on Eurostar

When it comes to top-level conference venues, Britain’s impressive range is unrivalled. Venues range from stately homes which have been converted into residential conference centres to modern purpose built centres and universities which are often equipped with state-of-the-art equipment. Venues also include countryside conference hotels, luxury and middle-of-the-range city centre hotels, ensuring there is something to suit every budget.

2.3       Attractions in the UK

The UK is not 1 country but 4. Each has a distinct feel with varied landscapes, regional cultures and different things to see and do.

England – Britain's biggest country

England is the biggest country in Britain, and is home to the largest city in Europe. It's also home to over 600 miles of beautiful coastline and some of the world's top tourist attractions. England is divided into 9 distinct regions, each with its own unique personality, history and culture - from the rolling hills of the Cotswolds and charming Cornish villages to the bustling city life of London and the dramatic coastlines of the North East.

England is home to 21 of Britain's UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including Hadrian's Wall in the North East, Stonehenge in the South West, Canterbury Cathedral in the South East and the Tower of London and Maritime Greenwich in London. You can also find all 7 of Britain's Heritage Cities in England.

Shopping

From the bright lights of Oxford Street to the medieval rows of Chester, England has endless shopping choices. If its designer labels you want, head to London's Westbourne Grove or Harvey Nichols in Leeds, or Portobello Market or Manchester Fashion Market for vintage and one-off finds.

Sport

The English adore watching sports, and some might argue that nothing comes close to experiencing a charged atmosphere at an English sports ground or stadium. Football is the national sport, and no matter where you are in England, you'll never be far from a football ground. But if the beautiful game isn't your thing, England is also the home of cricket, tennis and rugby.

Food & drink

From Cornish cream teas and English wines to smoky Northumberland kippers and Brick Lane curries, English food is exciting and diverse.

Scotland

Scotland is a diverse and extraordinary country, with a rich and fascinating history. The country has nearly 800 islands, only 300 of which are inhabited, and these islands are home to some of the most beautiful landscape in the world. A land of contrasts, Scotland boasts vibrant and exciting cities to visit and breathtaking lochs, mountains and coastlines that shouldn’t be missed. Scotland is bordered by England on the south, the Atlantic Ocean on the west and the North Sea on the east.

Every inch of Scotland is steeped in culture and history, something that the Scots are immensely proud of. Scotland has produced some of the world's best writers, painters, sculptors, poets and musicians, and continues to do so. These great talents can often be seen at Scotland's many festivals, most notably the Edinburgh International Festival.

Scotland's diverse and exciting history is reflected in many of its attractions. Edinburgh Castle, which dominates the city's Old Town is a must-see. A visit to the Heart of Neolithic Orkney (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) is an unforgettable experience, as is a trip to any of Scotland's fantastic Whisky distilleries. And of course, you can't visit Scotland without trying to find Nessie at Loch Ness.

Shopping

When it comes to shopping, Scotland's cities really shine. If you want to shop for bargains on the high street, head to Murraygate in Dundee. But if you've got a bit more cash to splash on designer labels, Harvey Nichols in Edinburgh's city centre is the place for you. Or if you're hunting for one-off vintage finds, Glasgow's West End is a haven for vintage shoppers.

Wales

Wales, bordered by England on the east, is a small country with a colourful history and spectacular landscapes, including 3 National Parks and 5 Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. At only 170 miles from north to south and 60 miles east to west, it's no surprise that you're never far from a mountain or the sea. But Wales is also home to vibrant cities, traditional villages and great tourist attractions. Welsh - the native language - is spoken by many people in Wales, and is one of the oldest languages in the world.

Wales is rich in history, culture, myth and legend. The history and myths of one of the world's oldest civilisations have created an unforgettable range of sights to explore; Roman forts, 641 castles, and countless sights linked to Kind Arthur and Merlin the magician. And from small country villages to the buzzing cities with their vibrant music and nightlife, there are fascinating local attractions to explore everywhere. Wales is known as 'the land of castles', it is home to 641 famous fortresses - more castles per square mile than anywhere else in the world. Wales is also home to 6 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and although Cardiff, the capital city, dates back to Roman times, it's actually Britain's youngest city.

Shopping

The completion of the new shopping mall, has elevated Cardiff to 6th in the Shopping league of UK Cities, Queen Street is the city's main shopping area, where you'll find all your favourite high street shops and for unique boutiques and cafés, the Victorian Arcades are a must-see.

Sport

Like most of Britain, football and cricket are both popular in Wales, but rugby union is the national sport. The Millennium Stadium in Cardiff is the national stadium for rugby and football matches, and hold up to 75,000 spectators. The Welsh rugby team are hugely successful - they have won the Six Nations 24 times and have qualified for every World Cup.

Food & drink

Wales is a haven for food lovers - in every corner of the country you'll find fantastic local flavours. Sample the fresh cockles with your breakfast, and don't miss the chance to try laverbread - seaweed pancakes fried with bacon. At local farms, try the delicious homemade cheeses, and for dinner, try the world-famous Welsh Black Beef or Salt Marsh Lamb.

Northern Ireland – Discover Britain's smallest country

Northern Ireland is the smallest country in Britain, and is situated in the northeast corner of Ireland. Northern Ireland's size makes it easy to travel around - once you've established a base, you can visit the country's main attractions on easy day trips. For sheer variety of landscape, the country feels bigger than it is; breathtaking mountains and glens, World Heritage Sites and an inland sea - everything's packed neatly together.

Northern Ireland is steeped in history, culture and myth. As well as being one of the country's biggest attractions, the Giant's Causewayand the Causeway Coast is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. And you'll also find a number of historical abbeys and priories, gardens, stately homes and national parks all around the country. There are countless must-see attractions in Northern Ireland. The Causeway Coast is home to some of the country's most popular attractions, including the Giant's Causeway and the Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge. The historic walled city of Londonderry is an attraction in itself; its setting, architecture and famous walls make a great day out.

Shopping

Northern Ireland has become one of Britain's most popular shopping destinations. Wherever you are in the country, you'll find a diverse and exciting range of shops. Belfast's Lisburn Road is the best place for chic boutiques, and in towns like Ballymena, Bangor and Coleraine, you'll find great local designers.

Food & drink

If you're a food lover, you'll love Northern Ireland. In every corner of the country you'll find delicious local food and great, award-winning restaurants. Start the day with an Ulster Fry - eggs, bacon and sausages with potato bread and soda faris. St George's Market in Belfast is fantastic for local meat, and at Strangford Loch you'll find the best oysters.

Music & nightlife

Northern Ireland is renowned for its lively music scene, so if you like your music live and exciting, this is the place for you. Venues like the Odyssey and the Waterfront Hall regularly showcase the best Irish talent. You'll also find some of the world's best DJs playing at Northern Ireland's big nightclubs, and if you're into more traditional music, there are lots of festivals throughout the year.

2.4       Cities & towns

Thriving centres for arts, industry and commerce, Britain's cities and towns are some of the world's most culturally diverse ones.

Aberdeen

Aberdeen, Scotland’s third-largest city is a town with sparkle. Its glittering granite skyline, famous the world over, is matched by an impressive line-up of culture, shopping and nightlife from world-class restaurants to first-rate museums. It’s one of the only cities in Britain with a proper sandy beach and there’s some of Scotland’s most seductive scenery just outside the city in Royal Deeside, the The Cairngorms National Park and along the coast. You’ll leave intoxicated by rich maritime history, eye-catching architecture and some of the world’s finest whiskies.

Aberdeen has long and close ties with the ocean – it is a bustling port where ferries dock and depart, fishing boats bring home the day’s catch and oil workers leave town for the offshore rigs. On land, Aberdeen boasts a lively cultural scene with several great venues hosting gigs, comedy and theatre. Take your pick from some excellent museums, have a day at the beach or tour one of Aberdeenshire’s famous whisky distilleries. The award-winning Maritime Museum is a must-see as is Aberdeen’s old town with its cobbled streets and graceful granite buildings.

Sport

Aberdeenshire is home to over 50 golf courses including the prestigious Royal Aberdeen, Cruden Bay and Murcar Links. And if you’re into your fishing you can’t go wrong with the salmon-stuffed River Dee and the River Don known as one of the finest wild brown trout rivers in Europe.

Belfast

Belfast offers the buzz and vibrancy of a British capital city whilst being a gateway to the rural retreat of Northern Ireland. At the head of Belfast Lough, the city is compact and easy to travel get around, whether by car or on foot. And within a couple of hours of Belfast, you can marvel at tourist attractions like the Giant's Causeway, walk the Mountains of Mourne or fish in Fermanagh.

The birthplace of the Titanic, Belfast’s industrial heritage has shaped a city steeped in culture. The great exhibitions at the Ulster Museum reveal the bigger picture of the city’s heritage and at Culturlann you’ll even get the people's stories. While you are in the area, take a tour of those world-famous political murals.

Food and drink

Since local celebrity chef Paul Rankin first put Belfast on the culinary map, the culinary scene in Belfast has flourished. From Michelin Star excellence, upmarket city centre fusion restaurants, cosy neighbourhood brasseries, authentic Asian cuisine to traditional Irish pub grub – you’ll find something to suit all tastes and budgets in Belfast.

Birmingham

Birmingham is a diverse and dynamic city, vibrant by day and by night, a city where yesterday and today combine to give you a glimpse into a city full of surprises. With its fascinating history and world-class cultural scene, combined with superb shopping, major international events and exhibitions, great nightlife and award-winning restaurants, Birmingham has a unique quality that brings with it an exciting and dynamic spirit. Cosmopolitan in its make-up, Birmingham is an exciting city, hosting a range of visual and performing arts and a variety of music and theatre, difficult to surpass. Home to the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra and Birmingham Royal Ballet, Birmingham really is a city of world-class culture. Home to lots of top-class attractions, a visit to Birmingham wouldn’t be complete without seeing the great exhibitions and collections at the Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery, and Birmingham's performing arts are internationally acclaimed: The Royal Ballet at its home in the Hippodrome and the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra plays in the acclaimed Symphony Hall.

Blackpool

Visitors first flocked to Blackpool in Victorian times and it’s been known as the archetypal English seaside resort ever since. Much has changed but you’ll still find clanking trams, celebrated theatres, historic wooden rollercoasters and a nostalgic shot of seaside fun. Blackpool tower, built in 1894, still commands fantastic views over the resort.

Whether you want a night on the town or a day at the beach, Blackpool is jam-packed with things to see and do. Don’t miss Blackpool Zoo, Blackpool Tower with its vertigo-inducing glass floor, the fastest rollercoaster in the world at the Blackpool Pleasure Beach or the rides and arcades along the front. Founded in 1896, Blackpool Pleasure Beach is not only one of Britain’s oldest theme parks but also boasts the tallest rollercoaster in the UK in the Pepsi Max Big One, with drops of 62m. In total there are nearly 40 rides and several shows and extravaganzas catering to families with children as well as thrill seekers.

Cardiff

Cardiff is the capital city of Wales, Europe’s youngest capital and one of the fastest-growing cities and tourist destinations in Britain. Cardiff's recent redevelopment has resulted in world-class sporting and entertainment venues that must be visited. Add to this excellent shopping, diverse restaurants and plenty of art, history and culture, and Cardiff is an ideal holiday destination to keep the family happy. When you visit Cardiff, you’ll find the ‘big 3’ attractions – Cardiff Castle, the Millennium Stadium and the National Museum all close to each other in the city centre. But there are great attractions to be found all over the city – on Cardiff Bay there’s the Wales Millennium Centre and Techniquest, and on the outskirts of Cardiff you’ll find the fairytale Castell Coch.

Sport

When it comes to sport, Cardiff is a genuine all-rounder. Cardiff is home to the world famous Millennium Stadium, home of Welsh football and rugby and the temporary home of the FA Cup final from 2001-2006. And for golf fans, the Celtic Manor Resort, just 20 minutes from Cardiff, hosted the Ryder Cup tournament in 2010.

Edinburgh

With so much to see and do in Edinburgh, it can be hard to know where to start exploring. Start with the Royal Mile, home to the magnificent Edinburgh Castle at one end and the Palace of Holyroodhouse - the Queen’s official residence in Scotland - at the other. As you make your way along the mile, you’ll pass the iconic St Giles’ Cathedral, The Real Mary King’s Close underground tour and the cutting-edge Scottish Parliament building. There’s no better way to experience Edinburgh’s dynamic arts and culture scene than one of the city’s festivals. Each August, people from all over the world flock to Edinburgh for the Edinburgh Festival Fringe - the largest arts festival in the world - and the iconic Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo. And you’re in for a real treat if you visit in December - the city’s spectacular three-day Hogmanay (New Year) celebrations are world-famous.

There’s almost as much to see and do in Edinburgh at night as there is during the day. If you’re in the mood to party, head to the classy cocktail bars of George Street, the lively bars in the Grassmarket or Princess Street, or Rose Street, which has more pubs than any other street in Edinburgh. And whatever your musical taste, you’re sure to find it at one of Edinburgh’s live music venues. Try The Caves or Bannerman’s for intimate gigs, or larger venues like HMV Picture House or The Queen’s Hall for mainstream acts.

It may be a vibrant capital city, but every inch of Edinburgh is a reminder of its rich history. Explore the narrow, cobbled alleys of the Old Town and the elegant crescents of the New Town and you’ll see why they’ve been awarded UNESCO World Heritage Site status. Then discover royal secrets, spectacular collections and timeless architecture at Edinburgh’s castle and historic houses, which make up just some of the 4,500 listed buildings in the city.

Shopping

You won’t be short of places to spend your holiday money in Edinburgh - the city is a dream for shoppers on any budget. To find the best of the British high streets head to Princes Street, George Street, Princes Mall or St James Centre. For luxury brands and high-end boutiques, look no further than Multrees Walk and Harvey Nichols in St Andrews Square. Vintage aficionados, we haven’t forgotten about you - head to Stockbridge for the best vintage and second hand shops.

Glasgow

The trendy locals aren’t the only reason Glasgow is known as Scotland’s style capital. Even the buildings here are stylish, and they have Glasgow’s most famous son - architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh - to thank for that. A trip to the Glasgow School of Art for a glimpse of his famous Art Nouveau style is a must. The city is also home to over 20 museums and art galleries, including the award-winning Burrell Collection, the huge Kelvingrove Museum and Art Gallery and the Riverside Museum, a radical space designed by Zaha Hadid for the city’s transport heritage.

Wherever you are, you won’t be far from the arts and culture highlights that earned Glasgow the European City of Culture title. You’ll find Charles Rennie Mackintosh’s work dotted all over the city, but architecture fans will also love The Lighthouse, Scotland’s national centre for design and architecture. Glasgow is the home of both the Scottish Opera and the Scottish Ballet, so there really is no better place to indulge your inner culture vulture.

Football is an important part of Glasgow’s history. The first ever international football match was held here, and it is home to Scotland’s largest football stadiums: Hampden Park, Celtic Park and Ibrox Stadium. The Scottish Football Museum at Hampden Park is a must-see for any football fan. Discover the story of Scottish football and explore the 2,500 plus exhibits that make up the most impressive collection of football memorabilia in the world.

Liverpool

Not only is Liverpool the birthplace of the Beatles and home of Liverpool FC, it's also a great tourist destination with more listed buildings, theatres, museums and galleries than any city outside London. Where else would you find a dedicated Beatles museum and a Tate gallery next to each other? This diverse, vibrant and laid-back city has the ability to make anyone feel instantly at home with its extensive history, modern tourist attractions and youthful vibe – a visit to Liverpool is sure to satisfy every appetite. Liverpool has a captivating history that stretches back over 800 years. A designated UNESCO World Heritage Site, the city is home to more listed buildings than any city outside of London. The city also has a fascinating maritime history, and its history as one of the world’s great ports has left a remarkable legacy of art and architecture that gives it a distinctive look and unique atmosphere. Liverpool’s attractions have something for everyone. The Albert Dock is one of Britain’s top tourist attractions, and is home to the Beatles Story, Tate Liverpool and Merseyside Maritime Museum. But the jewel in the crown of Liverpool’s museums and galleries is the amazing Walker Art Gallery - the National Gallery of the North.

London

You cannot go far in London without stumbling across one of the city’s iconic attractions. A 40-minute walk along the South Bank will take you past Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament, the London Eye, Tate Modern, Shakespeare’s Globe, St Paul’s Cathedral and Tower Bridge. There are also eight Royal Parks to explore, and over 300 museums and galleries, many offering free admission.Whatever your taste in art, you will find it in London. For the classics, head to the National Gallery, National Portrait Gallery or Tate Britain. If you like your art with an edge, you will love Tate Modern, where you will find the likes of Damien Hirst, Rothko and Hockney. Prefer your art out of a can? You will find some of Britain’s best street art (and artists) in the Leake Street Tunnel in Waterloo, as well as the streets of Shoreditch in East London. As for theatre, look no further than London’s legendary West End boasting over 40 world-class theatres.

It may be one of the world’s most cutting-edge cities, but there’s evidence of London’s rich history all over. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Tower of London, Westminster Palace, Westminster Abbey, and Maritime Greenwich are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites as well as top attractions. For a glimpse of London that dates back to Roman times, visit the historic City of London, also known as the Square Mile.

When the sun sets on London the city comes alive, and believe us when we say there’s something for everyone here - from the high-end nightclubs of Chelsea and Mayfair to cool clubs like Fabric and the warehouse raves of Dalston. Or perhaps you’d like to explore the live music scene? Head to East London’s Cargo, Soho’s Ronnie Scott’s or Bar Fly, Proud or Jazz Cafe in Camden - on any given night you will find everything from rock and hip hop to jazz.

London is the perfect playground for kids of all ages. Do not miss the Science Museum, Natural History Museum and Horniman Museum, where they will have so much hands-on fun they will forget they are learning. Animal lovers will love getting up close to the creatures at London Zoo and the London Wetlands Centre and Battersea Park Children’s Zoo, and if there is pocket money to be spent, head to the world famous Hamleys toy store.

Soak up the atmosphere at one of London’s 13 professional football clubs, watch a cricket match at Lords, see the pros in action at Wimbledon, or take in a football or rugby match at the incredible Wembley Stadium.

Shopping

London is a dream for shopaholics, whatever your budget or taste. High-end meets high street in Oxford Street, Bond Street, Regent Street, Knightsbridge and the boutiques of Westbourne Grove, Carnaby Street and Covent Garden. Those with a penchant for vintage need to head to Portobello, Camden, Spitalfields and Brick Lane markets. And don’t fret if you’re caught out by the rain - the Westfield shopping centres, Dover Street Market and world-famous stores like Liberty, Selfridges and Harrods will all keep you dry.

Bath

Bath is a World Heritage Site. This world-famous city has originated and developed around its hot spring waters discovered by the Romans over 2,000 years ago, and the famous Roman Baths remain to this day. A thriving and vibrant city, Bath combines its fascinating history with a diversity of museums, galleries, gardens and tourist attractions, making it a beautiful, exciting and unique city to visit. It is a challenge to visit Bath and not want to see the Roman Baths & Pump Room – one of the finest ancient monuments in Europe and Britain’s only hot spring. Unfortunately, you cannot bathe here as the Romans did, but you can in the Thermae Bath Spa, which uses the same warm, mineral-rich waters the Celts and Romans did 2,000 years ago.

Cambridge

Cambridge and the surrounding area hold an unrivalled reputation for being a centre of excellence both in learning and ambience. Now its famous Colleges are home to over 17,000 students – Kings College Chapel is a familiar image all over the world. Cambridge’s heritage also includes an outstanding record of scientific and artistic achievements – Newton, Darwin, Wordsworth, Milton, Ian McKellan, John Cleese, Emma Thompson and Zadie Smith were all educated here.

Cambridge had a very important role to play in Britain’s favourite sport. The first set of football rules were drawn up at the university in 1848, and were first played on Parker’s Piece. The city is also best known for its university sporting events against Oxford – most notably the rugby union Varsity Match and the Boat Race.

Oxford

The most famous attraction in Oxford is its university. Explore one of Oxford's grandest colleges, Christ Church, founded in 1525. It is home to the city’s famous cathedral and birthplace of Lewis Carroll's famous Alice books. Harry Potter fans will love the Great Hall which provided the model for the hall at Hogwarts. Oxford is known as the 'city of the dreaming spires' - a term first coined by poet Matthew Arnold in reference to the gentle spires and harmonious architecture of the city's university buildings. The beauty of the city's colleges and riverside setting, literary links and stunning film and TV locations, shops with local character and music and drama ranging from candlelit evensong in college chapels to Shakespeare in the park – these ingredients blend with Oxford's lively mix of restaurants, pubs, theatres and tourist attraction to give this historic city its alluring, vibrant and cosmopolitan buzz.

Canterbury

Canterbury’s breathtaking cathedral has to be first stop on your visit. This World Heritage Site is also the site of the martyrdom of Archbishop Thomas Becket, who was murdered here in 1170. Do not miss the Canterbury Tales Attraction, where the sights, sounds and smells of Chaucer’s medieval England are recreated.

Stratford-upon-Avon

Situated on the River Avon in the Heart of England, the most well known Stratford-upon-Avon attractions include the most famous as the birthplace of England’s greatest poet and playwright, William Shakespeare. Home to the Royal Shakespeare Company, 5 historic houses linked to the Bard and a wealth of other great tourist attractions, Stratford-upon-Avon also has some great accommodation on offer. The thriving market town is a perfect combination of old and new, and with its beautiful surroundings, is a fine place to visit for a relaxing holiday.

Brighton

Walking around Brighton, 400 years of history and style unfold before you. The Royal Pavilion is the magnificent palace created by King George IV, and is an eclectic mix of styles that has to be seen to be believed. Elsewhere, there are museums and galleries galore, special events throughout the year from car rallies to carnivals, and England’s largest arts festival in May.

Cornwall

Cornwall is the most south westerly county in England, and is most famous for its stunning scenery - tantalising views of deep wooded valleys and wide vistas of sparkling blue sea combine with a varied and luxuriantly coloured landscape, historic market towns, attractive fishing villages and picturesque riverside hamlets. But there is more to Cornwall than the scenery – guide your way through the great local food, intriguing history, adrenaline-fuelled activities, fascinating tourist attractions and historical traditions - all combine to make Cornwall one of the best places in Britain for a holiday.

Cornwall has a strong industrial heritage, so much so that its mining landscape has been made a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site. Ancient antiquities, such as stone circles and remains of Iron Age villages can also be found between Land’s End and Penzance, and Celtic crosses dot the Cornish countryside. Cornwall’s great attractions offer something for all interests and ages. The famous Eden Project in St Austell explores humankind’s relationship with plants, and is one of Britain’s most popular attractions. St Ives is a must for arts and crafts, with 30 galleries including the Tate St Ives. Fowey has many small galleries and specialist shops, as do St Agnes on the north coast and Penzance in the west.

2.5       National parks

There are 15 members of the National Parks family, beautiful areas of mountains, meadows, moorlands, woods and wetlands.

They are areas of protected countryside that everyone can visit, and where people live, work and shape the landscape.

And each one has an organisation that looks after the landscape and wildlife and helps people enjoy and learn about the area.

There are 10 National Parks in England, 3 in Wales and 2 in Scotland, they are:

• England -       Dartmoor, Exmoor, Lake District, New Forest, Northumberland, North York Moors, Peak District, the Yorkshire Dales, the South Downs and the Broads which has equivalent status to a National Park.
• Wales - Brecon Beacons, Pembrokeshire Coast and Snowdonia
• Scotland - Cairngorms and Loch Lomond and the Trossachs.

2.6       World heritage Sites

Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List (28)

Cultural

• Blaenavon Industrial Landscape (2000)
• Blenheim Palace (1987)
• Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine's Abbey, and St Martin's Church (1988)
• Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd (1986)
• City of Bath (1987)
• Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape (2006)
• Derwent Valley Mills (2001)
• Durham Castle and Cathedral (1986)
• Frontiers of the Roman Empire (1987)
• Heart of Neolithic Orkney (1999)
• Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications, Bermuda (2000)
• Ironbridge Gorge (1986)
• Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City (2004)
• Maritime Greenwich (1997)
• New Lanark (2001)
• Old and New Towns of Edinburgh (1995)
• Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church (1987)
• Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal (2009)
• Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2003)
• Saltaire (2001)
• Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites (1986)
• Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey (1986)
• Tower of London (1988)

Natural

• Dorset and East Devon Coast (2001)
• Giant's Causeway and Causeway Coast (1986)
• Gough and Inaccessible Islands (1995)
• Henderson Island (1988)

Mixed

• St Kilda (1986)

UNIT 8

Destinations

Man-made, natural, event-related or activity-based attractions are a key element of tourism. In fact, without attractions there would be no need for other tourism services. Visitor attractions are natural locations or features, objects, or man-made constructions that have a special appeal to tourists and local residents.

While there are various ways to classify attractions, it is widely accepted to use the following categories:

1. Natural attractions

2. Man-made buildings, structures and sites that were designed for non-touristic purposes, but which now attract substantial numbers of visitors, e.g. cathedrals and churches, castles or modern buildings.

3. Man-made buildings, structures and sites that are designed to attract visitors and are purpose-built to accommodate their needs, such as museums, theme parks.

4. Special events, like sports or cultural events, festivals or even private events like anniversaries.

Vocabulary Practice

Exercise 1

Match an attraction on the left with a word or phrase on the right.

Example:             Aquincum → Roman ruins

                The London Eye                                                              a) art gallery

                Disneyland                                                                        b) prehistoric monument

                The Burial Chambers in Pécs                                     c) observation wheel

                Villány                                                                                 d) music festival

                Mount Etna                                                                      e) spa resort

                Héviz                                                                                   f) wax museum

                The Louvre                                                                       g) wine region 

                Stonehenge                                                                     h) suspension bridge

                The Golden Gate                                                           i) world heritage site

                Sziget                                                                                  j) active volcano

                Madame Tussaud’s                                                       k) theme park

Exercise 2

Put the following words or expressions from the box under the correct headings.

peninsula            roller-coaster                    palace                   abbey                   fortress                merry-go-round              castle                    cathedral            seashore             temple mansion              waterfall             stately home                    carousel              chapel electric car          thrill rides           island                    mosque                              coastline

places of worship	funfair	geographical terms	historical buildings

 

Exercise 3

What word is missing from the dots?

Example:             foreign visitor                   visitor’s book                   visitor centre

1             event …………..                  man-made …………….                      natural …………….

2             camp …………..                   world heritage ………...                  web ……………….

3             theme ………….                  amusement ……………                     aqua………………..

4             admission ………                               entrance ………………                        ……..-paying attractions

Exercise 4

Match a word from column A with a word from column B.

                               A                                                            B

                               lookout                                                               a) canyon

                               pony                                                    b) reef

                               public                                                   c) water

                               thermal                                                               d) footpath

                               sight-                                                   e) tower

                               barrier                                                 f) trekking

                                                                                           g) seeing

Exercise 5

Match a definition with a word in the box. There are more words than definitions.

pier                       bay                        footpath             monument        landmark fountain              harbour               fair                         festival                 isle

a) part of the sea that is partly enclosed by land

b) construction going out into the water/sea, used as a landing place for ships

c) a structure from which water is pushed up into the air

d) a synonym for ‘attraction’ or ‘sight’

e) an event at which products are sold

f) a building or statue that is built to remind people of an important event or famous person

g) a sheltered port

h) a celebration that comes at the same time each year

Exercise 6

Fill in the gaps with the suitable form of the word at the end of each sentence.

1             Many tourist attractions and other heavily-…………………               FREQUENTLY

venues suffer from poor accessibility.

2             The …………………… of rural tourism is increasing.                                               POPULAR

3             Covent Garden is full of street …………………....                                   ENTERTAIN

even in winter.

4             The best part of the trip was the fantastic ………………… .                               SCENIC

Warm up tasks

Stage 1:

In small groups describe where in the Hungarian capital the following landmarks can be seen:

1. St. Mary Magdalene Tower: ……………………………………………………………………………………

2. Gül Baba Tomb: …………………………………………………………………………………………………….…

3. Ruins of a Dominican Convent: ……………………………………………..…………………………………

4. Underground Railway Museum: ………………………………………………………………………………

5. Museum of East Asian Art: ………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Eagle Hill Nature Reserve: …………………………………………………………………….…………………

7. Hungarian Museum of Commerce and Catering: …………………………………….………………

8. The Loreto Chapel: ………………………………………………………………………………….………………

9. The ruins of Contra Aquincum: ……………………………………………….………………………………

10. Batthyány Eternal Flame: ………………………………………………………..……………………………

Stage 2:

Choose four from the above attractions and introduce them in a few words.

(This could be set as homework)

Monologue questions

1. What is the reason for the establishment of the World Heritage Centre? What is its mission?
2. Describe a World Heritage site in Hungary.
3. Describe a tourism region in Hungary.
4. Make a shortlist (say 5) of the castles or mansions in Hungary that are open to the public. Introduce them in a few words.
5. ’Sziget Festival’ has grown to be one of the most popular music events in Europe. Introduce the festival in a few sentences (its location, time, duration, facilities, programme).
6. What advice would you give to a holidaymaker in Hungary?
7. Would you choose Britain as a destination for your hols? Why (not)?
8. What are the main attractions of England/ Scotland/ Wales?
9. What sports events attract tourists to Britain?

 

Reading Comprehension

The Hungarian Sea

Lake Balaton in the west of the country is often referred to as the “Hungarian Sea” because of its sheer size (600 km2) and picturesque landscape. Previously known for attracting mass-tourism and offering below-average service and accommodation, Lake Balaton has impressively upped its standards the past two years. Property prices are even expected to climb sharply in the coming years, not surprising, though, considering what this part of the country has to offer: a water temperature of 20–26°C throughout the summer months. The water and silky mud of the lake are even recommended to alleviate nervous complaints, anaemia and nervous fatigue. And, because of the shallow water located on the southern shores, conditions are ideal for children. Velvety sands cover the beach from Balatonaliga through Balatonszentgyörgy, and between Balatonakarattya and Keszthely there are approximately 25 lakeside resorts. Surrounded by hills on the northern shore, sailboats are an inviting way to spend the day(s) on the water.

“Pearls of the Danube Bend“

Szentendre is the Danube Bend's most visited tourist centre, a small town sited on the bank of the Danube with winding streets, towers of Catholic, Calvinist and Orthodox churches, colourful houses, narrow alleyways and a Mediterranean touch only to be found here. Dozens of museums, famed restaurants, cafés, small shops and handicrafts stalls are everywhere. Esztergom is "the religious capital of Hungary" with a monumental classicist cathedral and a unique chapel, palace of the Archbishop and a medieval royal castle. King St. Stephen, founder of the state was born here and in the 11th century it was the country's first royal seat and religious centre. The symbol of the city is the Cathedral or Basilica on the top of the Castle Hill. The Treasury of the Cathedral is extremely rich in works of goldsmiths, special textiles, drinking horns, Gothic chasubles, chalices and Calvary of King Matthias. The Christian Museum holds Hungary's most valuable provincial collection.

The new palace of Visegrád became the capital in the 14th century. At that time it was the largest building complex in medieval Hungary. The richly decorated red marble columns and courtyards with superbly carved fountains in the Palace of the Renaissance King Matthias gave such an air of magnificence that it was considered one of the 15th century's most splendid royal residences. Today we can only see traces of the past glory in the King Matthias Museum. As we enjoy the breathtaking view of the Danube Bend birds of prey and Ravens fly above us.

Home on the range

With over 1,400 km2 of protected prairie, where Hungarian stud horses, Racka sheep with spiral shaped horns and buffalo herds graze on open pastures, Hortobágy National Park is one of Europe’s largest expanses. Dedicated a World Heritage site since 1999, the park stretches out over an area of some 82,000 hectares. A wildlife haven for sure, but it also boasts a man-made marvel with the Kilenclyukú híd (Nine-Arch Bridge). At 167.3 meters, it is Hungary’s longest stone bridge open to road traffic. It spans the river Hortobágy near the village of the same name.

There are also many other things a visitor must see, starting with the nearly 300-year-old Hortobágyi csárda (inn) — a characteristic Puszta restaurant — offers a vast selection of herdsmen’s dishes. The Pásztormúzeum (Herdsmen’s Museum) provides an interesting look into the life of Hortobágy herdsmen and shepherds, while the Hortobágyi Körszín displays the unique flora and fauna, folklore and crafts of the region. Visitors can also see grey cattle, buffaloes, goats and Mangalica pigs in open-air pens and sties.

Spa and wellness in Hungary

Mother Nature has been especially bountiful towards Hungary: the country sits on one of the richest geothermal and medicinal water resources anywhere in the world. The local culture of bathing goes back two thousand years; excavated remains of bath houses, frescoes and mosaics demonstrate that the Romans discovered and exploited these thermal water resources.

Of the approximately 1300 thermal springs currently registered, nearly 300 are used for bathing purposes and no fewer than one in every ten, which means about 130 mineral and medicinal water springs, are located in the capital, Budapest! Most medicinal waters in Hungary are effective in the treatment of locomotor disorders, but there are some which are particularly efficacious in the treatment of gynaecological and dermatological disorders, and - as part of a drinking cure - renal and metabolic conditions as well as stomach complaints. Cave cures are recommended for those with respiratory problems. The therapeutic effect derives from the crystal-clear air and relatively high humidity to be found in many caves. Jósvafő Cave is located in Aggtelek National Park and is listed as a World Heritage site.

The mofette (a vent in the earths crust) in northern Hungary is a truly unusual feature in the field of medical science. This so-called dry bath employs naturally occurring carbon dioxide of volcanic origin and is recommended for the treatment of heart conditions and circulatory disorders, blood pressure irregularities, dermatological complaints, after-care and recreation.

Wildlife Holidays in Hungary

Wildlife holidays in Hungary offer a wonderful experience especially for nature enthusiasts. Millions of tourists visiting the country love to go for a wildlife tour. Hungary is known for its scenic beauty ranging from beaches and mountains to mesmerizing landscapes, the country is a must visit place in Europe. The foothills of Carpathian mountain range and other hills are home to various species of flora and faunas. Wildlife holidays in Hungary will take you to the regions where one can enjoy bird watching.

North eastern Hungary is famous for butterflies and tourists visiting that part of the country love to enjoy watching these beautiful insects. Many natural regions of the country boasts varied species of wildlife creatures. Many natural regions of the country have been transformed into parks and reserves making it more wildlife friendly.

The Bükk hills are located at the foothills of the Carpathians. In 1976, a national park was established here which not only protects the wildlife species but also the historical and geological sites. Wildlife holidays in Hungary remain incomplete if you do not visit the Bükk Hills and experience its natural splendour. The lower woods and valleys of the hills are fascinating with scrub-steppe, beech-hornbeam-oak forests, meadows, rocky limestone slopes and crags and oak-dotted pastures. This kind of habitat attracts many bird species such as woodpeckers, eagles and several other species of birds.

I. Find the place.

Which destination would you suggest to tourists:

1. having respiratory problems
2. interested in medieval culture
3. interested in water sports and enjoy a bustling ambience
4. looking for traditional dishes
5. on a family holiday
6. preparing for a romantic walk
7. taking interest in religion
8. wishing to buy authentic Hungarian handicrafts
9. wishing to combine a city-break with finding remedy for their health problem
10. wishing to discover historical and geological sites
11. with the interest of Hungarian species
12. who would like to get familiar with butterflies of Hungary

II. Answer the questions.

1. Why is it beneficial to swim in Lake Balaton?
2. Why are the man-made attractions of Hortobágy National Park worth visiting?
3. What special species can be found in Hungary?
4. What disorders can be treated in most medicinal waters in Hungary?
5. What is a mofette? What kind of problems does a moffete offer treatment for?
6. How are wildlife regions protected?

Writing task

Beszámoló (Report)

Ön Simon Roberts és a FunSun nemzetközi cég alkalmazottja. A főnöke érdeklődik, hogy befejezte-e a kutatást, amely az ügyfeleknek a céghez fűződő attitűdjét vizsgálja. Ön igennel válaszol, mire a főnöke azt kéri, hogy az eredményekről írásban számoljon be, különös tekintettel a következőkre:

• az ügyfelek véleményére a személyzet segítőkészségéről,
• a nyitvatartási időről és hogy
• milyen más szolgáltatásokat szeretnének kapni a jelenlegieken kívül.

Írjon beszámolót 180-220 szóban, az ön által kitalált adatokkal és eredményekkel

Vagy: írjon 120-150 szavas emailt, amelyben összefoglalja a felmérés eredményeit.

Role play

Role A                  Hungarian Travel Agent

You are Antal/Anita Bakos, you work for Balaton travel agency. Your agency is making trips for groups to Balatonfüred Wine Weeks in August. A British travel agency would like to send some tourists who have never been to Balatonfüred to the famous Wine Weeks.

During the discussion:

• ask about the number of visitors
• tell the agent details about the programme of the opening ceremony
• tell about the wines to taste
• give information about food
• give information about other activities in the area

YOU START

Role B                   British Travel Agent

You are Arthur/Ann Brown, you work for Sunshine British travel agency. You would like to send some tourists who have never been to Balatonfüred to the famous Wine Weeks that is why you phone Balaton Travel Agency.

During the discussion:

• tell the number of visitors (10 strong group)
• ask about the opening ceremony
• ask about the wines to taste
• ask about the food specialities
• ask about any other activity in the area

YOUR PARTNER STARTS

Balatonfüred Wine Weeks 3 - 25 August ·         24 winemakers and several grill stands await visitors on the Tagore promenade ·         every evening the Kisfaludy stage will be hosting concerts Opening ceremony: 9. 00 a.m. Ceremonial holy mass followed by the blessing of bread 10:30 am Town celebrations on Szent István Square, with festive speech by the The celebrations will feature the Balatonfüred Folk Dance Ensemble and the Balatonfüred Town Concert Brass and Reed Band. During the day food and wine tasting              wines to taste: white: olaszrizling, juhfark, szürkebaráthárslevelű                                             red: Merlot,Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc food to taste: Hungarian specialities: soups, different stews, sausages, lángos, 6:00 pm Performance by Jazz band 8:00 pm Wine songs 9:00 pm Fireworks from the pier 10:00 pm Music by the Lajkó Félix Trió Other programmes: water sports (swimming, sailing), hiking, horse riding, visit Tihany peninsula

 

Grammar test 8

1. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

1. Why didn’t they repair the roof after the storm?

Why…………………………………………………………after the storm?

2. People say the new CEO is a very friendly person.

The new CEO.......................................................a very friendly person.

3. A customer complained about the poor quality of food.

A complaint .................................................a customer about the poor quality of food.

4. People at all levels of the organization can be creative,

People at all levels of the organization are ..............................of creativity.

5. Let’s compare our strengths with those of our competitor?

How ..............................................our strengths with those of our competitors?

6. There was a recession last year but our company was successful.

In spite ........................................................our company was successful.

7. I would like to participate in the optional programme but I have to stay in the hotel.

     I’d rather ……………………………in the optional programme instead of …..…..

II. Choose the best alternative, A), B), or C) in the following sentences.

8. . …………….. to the conference last month?

A) Did you go B) Have you gone C) Had you gone

9. The aim of advertising is to persuade people…………

A) for buying B) to buy C) buying

10. How ……………?

A) works this machine B) do this machine works C) does this machine work

11. Could I ask you why ………………your last job?

A) did you leave B) had you left C) you left

12. If I were you ……………. that money in buying shares.

A) I wouldn’t invest B) I hadn’t invested C) would not invested

13. While they………….. the contract, their boss phoned unexpectedly.

A) negotiated B.) had been negotiating C) were negotiating

III. Fill the gaps by using the correct tense of the given verbs in the following sentences.

14. I hope, they …………………… (come) up with a solution very soon.
15. You needn’t hurry so much. They ………………….. (just, announce) the delay of the flight.
16. If you hadn’t had a valid ticket, you ………………………… (have to pay) a fine.
17. The chambermaid asked the guests when ………………… (leave) their rooms the following day.
18. By the time the inspector ……………. (arrive), we will have repaired the taps in all the bathrooms.
19. While the taxi driver ……………….. (wait) for her outside, she……………. (chat) with the receptionist.
20. I wish the kitchen …………… (be) bigger and better- equipped.

Summarise the following article in English.

Magyar kisvárost tesztelt véletlenszerűen a New York Times

Pozitívan csalódott a New York Times utazási rovatának amerikai újságírója, aki véletlenszerűen választott úti céljául egy első látására a turisták számára nem túl érdekes magyar kisvárost, Mezőberényt.

Véletlenszerűen választotta ki a 11 ezer lelket számláló békési Mezőberényt hétvégi kirándulásának helyszínéül Seth Kugel, a New York Times utazási rovatának újságírója.

A Bukarestből Budapestre tartó vonatról szállt le, hogy szokásához híven egy olyan települést teszteljen, ahol sok más turistához hasonlóan még sosem járt és amelyről szinte semmit sem tud. Azt pedig, hogy újságíró, most sem akarta felfedni.

Beszámolója szerint azt sejtette, hogy mi nincs Mezőberényben: említésre méltó turistalátványosság, olyan hotel vagy étterem, amelyről legalább egy értékelést írtak már a TripAdvisoron, illetve sok angolul beszélő helyi lakos. Az "állítólag zárkózott és formális" magyarokról is azt gondolta, kihívást jelenthetnek a hétvége alatt.

Kezdeti kétségei azonban hamar szertefoszlottak, az állomásról kilépve máris egy helyi látványosságokat feltüntető, turistáknak szóló térképes táblát talált, ráadásul a település "ígéretesnek" tűnt, több éttermet és üzleteket is felfedezett, tetszett neki a díszes városközpont is. A Berény Szállóban "abszurd" áron, 3500 forintért vett ki egy szobát, és találkozott két, disznóvágásra érkezett budapesti turistával is, akik rögtön szóba elegyedtek vele.

Kugel szerint a hétvége alatt kiderült, hogy Mezőberény egy "finoman elbűvölő" település. Meglátogatta az Orlai Petrics Kulturális Központ muzeális gyűjteményét is, ahol talán még sosem járt külföldi. A belépődíjat elengedték neki, körbevezették és megismerkedett a város magyar, német és szlovák kultúrtörténeti örökségével.

Véletlenül belebotlott egy szeszfőzdébe is, ahol beavatták a pálinkafőzés rejtelmeibe, később pedig, a katolikus misén megismert család tagjai meg is hívták a rokonukhoz egy kóstolóra, sőt, hétfőn még egy disznóvágásra is hivatalos volt, de tovább kellett indulnia Budapestre. "Talán legközelebb, ha Mezőberénybe jövök" - írta beszámolója végén.

http://hvg.hu/utazas/20140205_Magyar_kisvarost_tesztelt_veletlenszeruen